هذا هو السيد روسناك لفترة 3 فئة التاريخ. الصورة أعلاه هي سمكة. (translation = This is for Mr. Rusnak's 3rd period History Class)
The picture above is a fish. This may or may not work on your computer.
The picture above is a fish. This may or may not work on your computer.
Calligraphy
The Arabic Calligraphy was influenced by the Nabataean, Persian, and Aramaic scripts. It was made popular in the 5th century by Arabian tribes who inhabited Hiran and Anbar. Calligraphy spread to Hijaz in western Arabia.
Calligraphy means beautiful writing and is considered as elegant handwriting. It was first used by the Muslims when they began copying the Qur'an or Koran. It is also considered the highest form of decoration because the Muslims believe that Allah used the Arabic language to recite the Qur'an to Muhammad.
Another reason they used calligraphy is that they thought using words as artistry avoided the problem of using pictures. Muslims did not believe in having pictures of things, especially sacred things, because they believed that people would worship the picture. So they used calligraphy to make a pictures with words, which wasn't forbidden. This might be why Islamic people still used to write calligraphy by hand even when the Europeans made all decorative writing disappear and started the printing press.
Calligraphy means beautiful writing and is considered as elegant handwriting. It was first used by the Muslims when they began copying the Qur'an or Koran. It is also considered the highest form of decoration because the Muslims believe that Allah used the Arabic language to recite the Qur'an to Muhammad.
Another reason they used calligraphy is that they thought using words as artistry avoided the problem of using pictures. Muslims did not believe in having pictures of things, especially sacred things, because they believed that people would worship the picture. So they used calligraphy to make a pictures with words, which wasn't forbidden. This might be why Islamic people still used to write calligraphy by hand even when the Europeans made all decorative writing disappear and started the printing press.
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Arabic calligraphy is one of the most widespread scripts and most historic because it is the sacred script of Islam. In the Muslim world, calligraphy plays a role in all areas of everyday life because it is how the Muslims transmit the Islamic faith.
Calligraphy in Architecture
A good example of Arabic calligraphy can be seen in architecture. The best representative forms can be found in the great mosques and palaces throughout the Arab world. A famous one is the Alhambra in Granada, Spain. There is a picture of a portion of the Alhambra at the left.
Islamic architectural calligraphy was their way of showing their devotion to their faith. Just like a lot of old cathedrals have many stained glass windows with scenes from their faith, the mosques and palaces in the Arab world used calligraphy to decorate using their faith. That means that their art and religion were mixed together, which was common in medieval times. Proverbs and complete passages from the Qur'an are still found on buildings today as the active sources of Islamic calligraphy.
Islamic architectural calligraphy was their way of showing their devotion to their faith. Just like a lot of old cathedrals have many stained glass windows with scenes from their faith, the mosques and palaces in the Arab world used calligraphy to decorate using their faith. That means that their art and religion were mixed together, which was common in medieval times. Proverbs and complete passages from the Qur'an are still found on buildings today as the active sources of Islamic calligraphy.
Calligraphy in textiles
Calligraphy can be found on rugs, tapestries and other objects of everyday use like cups, vases, and plates. They are found on those items so the owner can read the proverb or passage when they use the item.
It was also a way to decorate the items without using pictures. They could make it pretty by decorating it with calligraphy instead, and so they would not be violating their culture's belief that pictures were idols to be worshiped.
It was also a way to decorate the items without using pictures. They could make it pretty by decorating it with calligraphy instead, and so they would not be violating their culture's belief that pictures were idols to be worshiped.
Calligraphy tools
The tools usually used for Arabic calligraphy are the qalam or reed pen and the quill with a slanted nib cut toward the left. The qalam is made out of a dried reed. A quill is a writing tool made from a molted flight feather from a large bird. The hand-cut goose quill is still used as a calligraphy tool today, though rarely because the paper now wears down the point quickly.